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Hazardous waste refers to materials that can cause significant harm to human health and the environment if not managed properly. This definition encompasses substances that exhibit hazardous characteristics such as being toxic, reactive, ignitable, or corrosive. The correct choice identifies that hazardous waste consists of materials with no known alternative uses, emphasizing their potential to harm the natural environment.

The focus on 'no known alternative use' is crucial; it highlights that these materials are often discarded as waste because they cannot be safely recycled or reused in any beneficial way. This non-reusability increases the risk they pose to ecological systems and public health.

Other options present scenarios that do not align with the definition of hazardous waste. For instance, materials that can be reused safely and non-toxic refuse from manufacturing do not pose the same risks and are not classified as hazardous. Similarly, waste that poses no threat to the environment contradicts the inherent dangers associated with hazardous waste. Understanding these distinctions is essential for effective waste management and environmental protection.